Technology Conference Research Articles

Gamify: Gamification in Software Development, Verification,and Validation

In this paper we report the outcomes of the 1st and 2nd edition of the International Workshop on Gamification in Software Development, Verification, and Validation (Gamify 2022 and Gamify 2023) which were held as part of the 30th and 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2022, in Singapore, November 17, 2022 and ESEC/FSE 2023, online workshop, December 4, 2023).

Preface

This book collects papers selected from the 25th Annual Conference & 14th International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology (CSMNT2023).CSMNT2023 took place in the city of Shenzhen, China, from the 20th to the 23rd of October, 2023, which was hosted by Chinese Society of Micro-Nano Technology, and organized by Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shenzhen Society of Micro-Nano Technology.With the topic “Magical Micro-Nano • Wonderful World”, CSMNT2023 invited scientists in micro-nano technology all over the world to discuss the state-of –the-art and the development of the micro-nano technology. The conference set up a variety of activities such as general report, session report, poster exchanging and technical exhibition. CSMNT2023 focused on new technologies, new achievements, new breakthroughs and new trends in the fields of micro and nano technology and related frontiers. Topics include, but are not limited to: Design, simulation and analysis of micro/nano devices; Micro/nanomaterials; Fabrication technologies and processes; Micro/nano detection and characterization; Micro/nano sensors; Intelligent micro-systems and so on.There are 12 top level MEMS and NANO technology researchers were invited to make plenary presentations. Also 320 invited talks were given in 33 sessions. Thanks to all the staff and CSMNT Secretary for the efforts they have made, and thanks all honored participants. Their contributions in all aspects are indispensable to the conference’s success.Thanks to IOP Publishing for their work on publishing the special volume for the selected papers of the conference. We have good experience for cooperation, and hope that we can continue this cooperation in coming conferences in the future.The 26th Annual Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology and 15th International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology (CSMNT2024) will be held in September 2024, Taiyuan, China.List of Conference organising committee is available in the pdf

Program of the Technological Conference AKL'24

Program of the Technological Conference AKL'24

Preface

PrefaceThe current volume contains the part B of the Proceedings of the Sustainable, Clean and Emerging Energy Technologies Conference (SCEETC) 2023 held at the National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, from 23rd to 28th July 2023 under the Chairmanship of Prof. O. V. Ekechukwu.The theme of the Conference was, “Clean Energy Systems for Net-Zero Emission Targets”. It featured a Keynote Speaker and 5 Lead (Plenary) Speakers selected across the continents of Africa, America and Europe. About 85 Technical papers were received from scientists across the globe but 77 quality papers were selected after the initial peer reviews for presentation in the conference. Out of the papers presented 26 were selected for journal publication (part B proceedings) while the rest were published in the Conference’s regular proceedings (part A). Both the online and physical participants discussed current trends in Renewable energy technologies towards providing a net-zero emission for energy and environmental sustainability.We sincerely appreciate the support of the under-listed people who facilitated the success of the conference:– The Vice-Chancellor, University of Nigeria, Prof. Charles A. Igwe (FAS), the Chief Host– The Acting Director of the National Centre for Energy Research and Development, (NCERD), University of Nigeria, Engr Dr Izuchukwu F. Okafor, for providing the conference venue and other technical supports.– The Scientific Reviewers for ensuring the delivery of quality manuscripts.– The distinguished Keynote Speaker, Prof. Dr, Solomon Agbo; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany– All participants for their attendance and quality presentations.– Members of the International Advisory Committee, for the technical advice– The Organizing Committee members from different universities for their immense efforts, commitment, and diligence in accomplishing the conference and its proceedings.List of the National and Local Organizing Committee Members are available in this pdf.

Measuring continuing medical education conference impact and attendee experience: a scoping review.

The aim was to comprehensively identify published research evaluating continuing medical education conferences, to search for validated tools and perform a content analysis to identify the relevant domains for conference evaluation. We used scoping review methodology and searched MEDLINE® for relevant English or French literature published between 2008 and 2022 (last search June 3, 2022). Original research (including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies, cohort, mixed-methods, qualitative studies, and editorial pieces) where investigators described impact, experience, or motivations related to conference attendance were eligible. Citations were assessed in triplicate, and data extracted in duplicate. Eighty-three studies were included, 69 (83%) of which were surveys or interview based, with the majority conducted at the end of or following conference conclusion. Of the 74 tools identified, only one was validated and was narrowly focused on a specific conference component. A total of 620 items were extracted and categorized into 4 a priori suggested domains (engagement-networking, education-learning, impact, scholarship), and an additional 4 identified through content analysis (value-satisfaction, logistics, equity-diversity-inclusivity, career influences). Time trends were evident, including the absence of items related to equity-diversity-inclusivity prior to 2019, and a focus on logistics, particularly technology and virtual conferences, since 2020. This study identified 8 major domains relevant for continuing medical education conference evaluation. This work is of immediate value to individuals and organizations seeking to either design or evaluate a conference and represents a critical step in the development of a standardized tool for conference evaluation.

7th International Conference of Engineering Against Failure (ICEAF)

The 7th International Conference of Engineering Against Failure (ICEAF VII) was successfully held in the beautiful island of Spetses in Greece, from June 21st to 23rd, 2023. The main goal of the ICEAF VII Conference was to provide a platform where renowned scientists, young enthusiastic researchers, colleagues, and friends from around the world came together to present and discuss their latest research findings.The ICEAF VII Organizing Committee extends its gratitude to all who contributed to the success of the conference, including Keynote speakers, the International Scientific Committee, authors, presenters, participants. Moreover, we extend our special gratitude to the dedicated Local Organizing Committee.Appreciation is also given to endorsing organizations FEMS, EASN, and HMS, as well as Conference sponsors: Analytical Instruments S.A., the Hellenic Aerospace Industry, the Hellenic Research Centre for Metals S.A., M.J. Priniotakis S.A.I.C., and Setpoint Technologies.The event was a comprehensive gathering, featuring 5 engaging Keynote Speeches that set the tone for the conference. With 44 Oral Sessions and 1 Poster Session, numerous research findings were shared, providing a platform for in-depth discussions and knowledge exchange. We are pleased to acknowledge the high quality of all sessions and we wish to express our appreciation to the organizers of the sessions. Additionally, we wish to express our appreciation for the contributions of all the authors and presenters. A total of 228 Oral Presentations and 20 Poster Presentations showcased diverse research topics and insights. To the successful event have participated 256 attendees representing 29 countries, highlighting the international collaboration and shared passion for advancing the field.During the three-day gathering, highlights of the Conference were the Keynote Speeches delivered by distinguished experts in the field. These presentations enriched the overall conference experience and triggered valuable discussions. More specifically:• Prof. Hanshan Dong from the University of Birmingham, UK, discussed innovative surface engineering strategies to combat material failure.• Prof. Elena Jasiuniene from Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania, highlighted challenges and solutions in the field of imaging using ultrasonics and X-ray CT.• Prof. George Lampeas of the University of Patras, Greece, focused on the validation of structural simulations for large-scale aeronautical components, ensuring their accuracy and reliability.• Prof. Angeliki Lekatou from the University of Ioannina, Greece, delved into the effects of microstructure on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of advanced metallic materials, shedding light on materials science.• Prof. Angelos Filippatos from the University of Patras, Greece, discussed sustainable engineering practices and their role in eco-design, emphasizing the importance of environmentally friendly engineering solutions.The ICEAF VII Conference Co-Chairmen are available in this pdf.

Chevron Applies Some Unconventional Thinking To Try To Make Shale EOR a Standard Treatment

In the shale business, the closest thing now to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is improved techniques. During an earnings call last November an analyst asked EOG Resources executives about their enhanced completion technique which EOG reported was adding 20% to first-year well production in the Permian. Improved completions have allowed operators to significantly increase early production year after year, but after that, steep declines are a given. Back in 2016, EOG was talking about how it was increasing oil production significantly by injecting millions of cubic feet of gas a day into wells in the Eagle Ford. It triggered an EOR field-testing boom by competitors hoping to match reported reserve increases of “30 to 70%.” In a 2017 JPT story, Deepak Devegowda, a petroleum engineering professor at the University of Oklahoma, said, “This is the name of the game. Everybody is talking about EOR and pumping money into trials of EOR.” Now the only mention of the acronym EOR on EOG’s website is an item in its corporate history timeline for 2016: “We commercialized the first enhanced oil recovery process, or EOR, in shale.” In recent years, reported shale EOR work has been mostly in the form of occasional papers describing production uplift by companies selling ways to increase production by injecting gas or chemicals. EOR effectiveness isn’t the issue, according to Todd Hoffman, a petroleum engineering professor at Montana Tech University who wrote two papers evaluating EOG’s methods cited in two Chevron papers. “The EOG field work showed us that these projects can produce significant additional oil and be economically positive,” he said. The problem is that drilling and fracturing wells delivers “higher economic returns than the EOG-style EOR projects with the huge compressors, high gas rates, and high injection pressures.” Last year in the middle of this EOR drought, Chevron did something different. It delivered two papers revealing a major company-scale effort to find ways to use chemical and gas injections to economically produce more oil. The papers presented at the 2023 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) reported on field tests of surfactants and natural gas injection on Permian Basin wells which delivered sufficiently encouraging results to justify an expanded testing program. (URTeC 3870505 and URTeC 3871386). Chevron described a systematic effort by its corporate technical unit and its Mid-Continent business unit to rethink shale EOR methods based on the unconventional nature of flow through fractured reservoirs and the economic realities in a business where new EOR technology is competing with the profitable status quo. Its methods challenge accepted notions about the role of EOR. In SPE’s disciplines, EOR normally falls under the production topic, “marginal aging fields.” What Chevron tested is better described by the topic, “well interventions.” Rather than looking at these techniques as a way to eke out the last barrels from old wells, the papers describe methods that can be deployed earlier in the life of these short-lived wells.

Autonomous Drilling Approach Uses Rotary Steerable System in Middle East Wells

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22975, “Novel Approach to Autonomous Drilling Using Rotary Steerable System in Middle Eastern Oil and Gas Wells,” by Victor Oliveira, Saudi Aramco, and Mohammed Elsadig and Ayman Al-Ghazzawi, SPE, SLB, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ An operator focused on evaluating and validating a novel approach from its major directional-drilling-service provider using the autocurve-drilling mode to drill curved sections automatically without human intervention. The autonomous curve-drilling technology helped minimize human error, enhance accuracy of well positioning, and improve hole quality for drilling and workover operations. Autocurve-Drilling System Rotary-steerable-system (RSS) intelligence has been improving since its introduction. Around 1990, when the RSS method was introduced, communication with RSS tools was only one-way; downlink commands were sent through flow variations, and the response was monitored. For corrections, human intervention was required by sending new downlink commands. Between 2003 and 2013, downhole automation design and analysis for RSS began with the introduction of closed-loop features in which either verticality or target inclination and azimuth in tangent sections can be maintained. The technology evolved to closed-loop responses in these vertical or tangent modes to adjust the trajectory automatically to the target directions within 0.5° in inclination and 2° in azimuth. The next step for automating the downhole trajectory control of RSS was to close-loop the curve section. This once took increased levels of focus from directional drillers to ensure that they continued reviewing directional responses of the RSS in different intervals to update steering requirements, the steering ratio, and toolface commands. This was a good driver for further improvement of RSS intelligence and updates to desired steering-requirement capabilities to automate curve-section directional control. An autocurve autonomous downhole-automation-control system was developed to address the need to automate curved-section directional control. The intelligent algorithm was developed to change the communication process from including surface intervention to use of only a downhole closed-loop system once directional requirements were established. The system moved away from toolface and steering-ratio downlinking commands to dogleg and toolface commands. As a result, the RSS is no longer dependent on surface intervention for steering requirements but adapts to deliver required dogleg-severity (DLS) commands. This process solved the need for surface dependency. Upon acquiring this information, the tool uses the latest-known inclination and azimuth, and programmed rate of penetration, to create pseudochanges in direction and inclination to follow and automatically calculates a steering ratio to follow the required path. This closed-loop design is performed on a continuous basis within 1 second compared with the average 20-minute process cycle that was used conventionally. Furthermore, the design minimizes the command-downlink requirements to the tool, which further enables the automation path.

AI-Based System Automates Textual Classification of Daily Drilling Reports

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32978, “Development and Implementation of an AI-Based System To Automate Textual Classification on Daily Drilling Reports,” by Stephan Perrout, Aliel F. Riente, and Guilherme S.F. Vanni, SPE, Petrobras, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ Structured daily drilling reports (DDRs) are a rich source of information that allows better planning, more-accurate risk analysis, and improved key performance indicators and contracts. However, such information is originally stored in a free-text and unstructured format, which becomes difficult for efficient data mining. With the advance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly AI language models, applying such techniques over unstructured data has become critical to digital transformation. The complete paper presents an approach for automatic DDR classification that incorporates new techniques of AI. Introduction This work addresses the complex task of automatic classification of DDRs according to a newly proposed ontology. The ontology follows a hierarchical model that classifies actions into three or four levels depending on the intervention, considering drilling, completion, and abandonment. Each event has an ontology built and reviewed by experts in oil and gas. Classifying DDR constitutes a demanding task, and effectively exploiting AI-based models represents a promising solution. This work bridges the gap by proposing a classifier based on transformers along with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to classify reported events described in unstructured text related to drilling, completion, and abandonment interventions. A large number of DDRs was used for training and validation of the proposed classifier, yielding promising results for key processes in the company. Neural-Network Techniques Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory. Early neural-network models are characterized by inputs of fixed length. This is a drawback when working with texts, however, because sentences vary in their number of words. To overcome such an issue and to process data sequentially, RNNs were proposed. The RNNs are characterized by a set of parameters inherent from the early models plus an internal memory (a hidden or internal state) responsible for storing the context of the sequence being processed. Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a variation of RNN proposed to mitigate two problems: Information can be easily lost when processing very long sequences, and the gradient can become quite low because of the high number of mathematical operations performed during the processing while remaining far from reaching the threshold. LSTM consists of a set of parameters called the input gate, forget gate, and output gate that control information flow through the network. This set of additional parameters helps to maintain only what is important for the internal state of the network besides controlling the output. BiLSTM is a variant of LSTM that comprises two LSTMs. One processes texts from left to right, and the second one processes texts from right to left. This feature allows “future” elements to be part of the model’s decision process for “past” elements. The final classification is the combination of the output of both LSTMs.

High-Pressure Separation: New Technology in the Subsea Toolbox

_ Subsea production systems have come far in the more than 60 years since the first deployment in the US Gulf of Mexico, helping many countries unlock their offshore hydrocarbon riches in the years that followed. For Brazil, it was a combination of advances in subsea technologies and floating production, storage, and offloading vessel (FPSO) designs that supported the growth of its offshore oil and gas prowess. From those first forays into the Sergipe-Alagoas basin in the northeast during the 1970s, the country’s offshore oil and gas footprint has grown significantly, with today’s production from the pre-salt Campos and Santos basins—located farther from shore and in much deeper water—launching state-run oil company Petrobras to a top spot among the ranks of global producers. The ongoing development of its offshore fields will continue to boost the country’s oil and natural gas production in 2024. Since December 2022, five FPSOs have been brought online, with four installed in 2023 delivering record output. The fifth one—the FPSO Sepetiba—delivered a New Year’s Day surprise when it came online at Mero 2 oil field on 31 December 2023. HISEP, a new subsea technology currently being readied for pilot testing, could potentially ensure continued future production of the Mero field and others by capturing CO2-rich dense gases directly from the wellstream and reinjecting it into the reservoir. The technology also frees up much-needed space and reduces weight on the FPSO’s topside by moving the separation process to the seafloor. Challenges and Solutions Brazil’s challenging offshore pre-salt region—first explored by Petrobras in 2005—contains estimated reserves of 30 to 40 billion BOE and comes with an extensive list of development challenges. Its Santos Basin, for example, lies in ultradeep water with hydrocarbon reservoirs located at extreme depths ranging from 5500 to 7600 m below sea level and under salt layers more than 2000 m thick. But the challenges do not end there. Managing the basin’s high gas/oil ratio (GOR) and CO2 content leaves a significant operational footprint. In OTC 29762, authors from Petrobras noted that developing the pre-salt reservoirs requires “large production facilities with complex gas processing plants that limit the oil processing and storage capacities.” In the paper presented at the 2019 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) Brasil, the authors said that the gas processing plants for some pre-salt fields with high production indexes, GOR, and CO2 content account for nearly 60% of the total FPSO topsides area. The Santos Basin is home to the Mero oil field, the country’s third-largest pre-salt field and the first under a production-sharing contract awarded to the Petrobras-led Libra Consortium. The field is considered one of the largest hydrocarbon discoveries in the past decade, covering about 320 km2 of the Libra block and with a net pay zone reaching 420 m filled with 29 °API oil and high productivity, according to Ana Luiza Neder, et al. (OTC 32784).

Q&A With Dennis Denney, JPT Technology Focus Creator

_ In 1997, JPT debuted a monthly feature that represented an unconventional approach in meeting SPE’s goal of disseminating technical information to its members. Soon titled “Technology Focus,” the feature brought together subject-matter experts (SMEs) in a range of important industry topics to review technical-paper abstracts gathered from the previous year of SPE meetings, as well as the Offshore Technology Conference. Its architect, engineer, and pilot was Technology Editor Dennis Denney, who would become a familiar presence to SPE members and staff alike over a 17-year career, although his industry roots extended to his college days. Dennis helped recruit SMEs for review service; sent them hundreds of abstracts and full papers (monthly, that is; the cumulative count of papers he handled is likely a six-digit figure); answered their questions and concerns with prompt, supportive guidance; and then, once papers had been selected, synopsized them for publication in the magazine with the longtime help of Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee. As this writer well knows, condensing a 10,000-word paper on, say, distributed quasi-Newton derivative-free optimization methods for field development optimization into a 1,500-word summary that captures the novelty and technical sophistication of its authors’ work can be a daunting task. Applying his own background as a petroleum engineer to methodically analyze and trim each chosen paper, Dennis did just that dozens of times a year, transforming these texts into svelte packages that included only one table or figure to deliver the highest possible quantity of quality to JPT readers. When Dennis retired in 2013, I initially split his eyebrow-raising workload with fellow Technology Editor Adam Wilson (now JPT’s Special Publications Editor). It was immediately clear from the way that reviewers spoke about Dennis, and his contributions to the magazine and SPE itself, that he was held in the same high regard outside of the organization as he was within it, a testament to the reputation he had earned while working with so many members and SMEs. It was entirely fitting that, for JPT’s 75th anniversary celebration, we caught up with Dennis to reflect on his achievements in the industry and with the groundbreaking Technology Focus feature he created. Dennis lives with his wife Linda in Rockwall, Texas—not too far from SPE headquarters in Dallas, but not too close, either!—enjoying his retirement and his family. (Note: For more on the development and history of the Technology Focus features, read the companion piece to this article, “Technology Focus Topics Reflect Industry Growth, Evolution Over 25+ Years.”) Why did you decide to go into the field of petroleum engineering? I worked several years as an engineering tech, testing gas wells, tracking well and reservoir pressures, and writing computer programs to analyze pressure data. The department manager encouraged me to finish my degree and become a petroleum engineer. So, after I received a scholarship from J. Harold Dunn (at age 28), my wife and I sold our house, packed our things into a U-Haul truck, and loaded two young kids into the car to move to Bryan/College Station to attend Texas A&M University.

Technology Focus Topics Reflect Industry Growth, Evolution Over 25+ Years

No matter your field of expertise or geographical area of operations, JPT’s Technology Focus feature addresses your career and research paths. During the more than 25 years of its appearance in the magazine, the feature has presented synopses of important papers in summarized form. A review of the Technology Focus topical calendar through the years reflects milestones in industry developments and innovations, and the magazine’s ability to adapt to meet the needs of its readers. Indeed, the inception of the feature was a response to such a challenge. Each year, thousands of high-quality technical papers are presented at SPE conferences and the Offshore Technology Conference (OTC). These papers are the embodiment of SPE’s mission to collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge about the world of upstream E&P. In the late 1990s, JPT staff recognized a need to expand the intersection of SPE’s members with the crucial work outlined in the technical papers written by their colleagues. While SPE’s stable of peer-reviewed journals had always played a critical role in its mission, the rigorous review structure meant that these papers, published in full, might not see audiences for some time. Annual proceedings volumes collected the year’s research literature, but time constraints also limited the number of members who could explore these publications. The solution was the Technology Focus feature, in which conference papers dedicated to a broad spectrum of industry topics were chosen by subject-matter experts and condensed by SPE staff to convey key findings and illustrative case studies. The Tech Focus concept meant that SPE readers could find the best research and industry innovation at their fingertips each month. These papers were not peer reviewed, but the members of the JPT Editorial Review Board charged with their selection were recognized experts who reviewed hundreds of abstracts in order to choose only a few papers for inclusion. Since the feature’s launch, hundreds of SPE members from a wide range of major operators, service companies, technology specialists, academic institutions, and research facilities have served as reviewers. Tech Focus’ first decade-plus of publication, from 1997 through 2010, established and refined the pattern by which tech papers were selected, synopsized, and organized for presentation. Before 1997, JPT had run Technology Briefs that had the same idea, but these were irregular, applied only to tech papers with a length that would make publication in JPT impractical. For the first couple of years of the Tech Focus, however, each issue of JPT contained between two and three topical groupings of synopsized papers. The initial topics were broad, familiar ones (EOR, Drilling Technology, Fracturing, Offshore Development, Stimulation, and Reservoir Management, for example) as JPT Technology Editor Dennis Denney, who was responsible for the development of the feature, tested the waters and built a review board of industry volunteers to assist with the task of reviewing abstracts, reading full papers of interest, and selecting papers for synopsis.

Study Investigates Seismic Monitoring for Carbon Storage Leak Detection

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22980, “Carbon Storage Leak Detection Through Seismic FWI and RTM: Different Survey Analyses,” by Sajjad Amani, Kyoto University. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ In the complete paper, marine seismic data processing is investigated as a tool for monitoring possible leakages in geological carbon storage. Because of the great importance of storage permanence, a precise leakage-monitoring strategy is crucial. The proficiency of seismic monitoring solutions for leakage monitoring can be affected by shallower layers as a result of structure, seismic wave attenuation, and leak size. The authors explore two popular seismic monitoring methods used in this application in different scenarios: full waveform inversion (FWI) and reverse-time migration (RTM). Introduction Among the various carbon capture and storage (CCS) options, underground storage in saline aquifers is the best-understood solution. To assure storage consistency and permanence, finding the best strategy to precisely detect possible carbon leaks is essential. A perfect method must demonstrate the difference between stored CO2 and injected CO2 to detect potential fast- and slow-leakage areas. The seismic monitoring technique is the most efficient approach in this respect. Two popular tools for seismic monitoring are FWI and RTM. Several studies of their use in this application have been conducted. However, previous research did not analyze different survey arrays for carbon-leak detection using FWI and RTM. The current research aims to investigate quantitative aspects of CCS monitoring to conduct sensitivity analysis of the three different survey arrays [vertical seismic profile (VSP), crosswell, and surface] for different amounts of CO2-storage leakage in a saline aquifer reservoir. The capability of seismic-imaging methods for small amounts of leakage was tested. Comparison of these three arrays using monitoring methods such as RTM and FWI reveals their pros and cons in providing detailed information about the reservoir. In this research, a simple synthetic model was built that closely fits actual reservoirs characterized by suitable physical features such as velocity and density. Subsequently, elastic wave propagation simulation was implemented by use of a finite-difference scheme over a physical model of the reservoir. Then, FWI was applied to enhance the accuracy of the model parameters. With an efficient forward-modeling and inversion scheme, RTM was used as a powerful imaging tool that provides final high-resolution results for monitoring CO2 migration and possible leakage. This process examined the synthetic model for different amounts of CO2 leakage in saline aquifers to evaluate the performance of CO2 leakage monitoring using the seismic method. The results of the different receiver and source arrays also were compared to establish their effectiveness.

Call for abstracts: 28th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference

Call for abstracts: 28th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A LEARNING MEDIA IN ENGLISH EDUCATION: BIBLIOMETRIC USING BIBLIOSHINY ANALYSIS (2009-2023)

This research examines the publication trends and emerging keywords within the domain of artificial intelligence applied to English education. Analyzing 74 documents sourced from Scopus using RStudio and Vosviewer revealed distinct patterns. Notably, the year 2021 marked a significant milestone with 26 articles, constituting 35.14% of total publications, while the preceding decade (2009-2020) contributed only 13 articles, representing less than 18%. However, the period from 2021 to 2023 experienced a noteworthy surge, introducing over 80% of the total publications, incorporating 60 new articles. Esteemed institutions like Hebei University of Engineering in China and three other affiliates each contributed 4 publications. The prominence of the ACM International Conference Proceedings Series underscores the influential role of technology conferences in shaping discussions around artificial intelligence in English education. An influential article, cited 20 times, focused on the integration of 5G and AI technologies to reform English education at universities, considering the necessity of cutting-edge technological infrastructure. Visual analysis highlights specific keywords such as speech recognition, quality control, teaching systems, and learning algorithms within yellow circles, suggesting potential areas for further research in the intersection of artificial intelligence and English education.

Creating Interactive Books with Augmented Reality

This workshop helped educators to create interactive Augmented Reality (AR) books at the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) conference. The goal of the workshop was to train participants to gain skills in integrating AR into their professional lives. All participants created an AR book or curriculum vitae during the workshop. This manuscript describes the specific activities, assigned times, and educational tools used during the workshop. This workshop was designed for participants with no previous knowledge or skills in developing AR materials. Educators interested in teaching educational technologies, especially AR, could be instructors for this lesson. Preservice teachers could also take this lesson.  

2024 Nonprofit Technology Conference

2024 Nonprofit Technology Conference

Revolutionizing developmental neurotoxicity testing - a journey from animal models to advanced in vitro systems.

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing has seen enormous progress over the last two decades. Preceding even the publication of the animal-based OECD test guideline for DNT testing in 2007, a series of non-animal technology workshops and conferences (starting in 2005) shaped a community that has delivered a comprehensive battery of in vitro test methods (IVB). Its data interpretation is covered by a very recent OECD test guidance (No. 377). Here, we aim to overview the progress in the field, focusing on the evolution of testing strategies, the role of emerging technologies, and the impact of OECD test guidelines on DNT testing. In particular, this is an example of a targeted development of an animal-free testing approach for one of the most complex hazards of chemicals to human health. These developments started literally from a blank slate, with no proposed alternative methods available. Over two decades, cutting-edge science enabled the design of a testing approach that spares animals and enables throughput for this challenging hazard. While it is evident that the field needs guidance and regulation, the massive economic impact of decreased human cognitive capacity caused by chemical exposure should be prioritized more highly. Beyond this, the claim to fame of DNT in vitro testing is the enormous scientific progress it has brought for understanding the human brain, its development, and how it can be perturbed.

Approach Maximizes Marginal Field Value by Going Back to Basics

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32379, “Marginal Field Value Maximization by Going Back to Basics With Design-to-Value Enhancement,” by Yen P. Chan, Muhammad Y.S.M. Yasin, and Ahgheelan S. Thurai, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ Value is defined by a quantum of functions or returns received from resources invested. In extremely marginal oil and gas fields, returns hardly meet invested resources profitably. Stranded, widely scattered resources add to the complication. The complete paper shares an approach to notional well- and facility-development concept generation for such fields by shifting emphasis to designing for value to improve project viability rigorously. Problem Statement Based on Case Study Case study Field X, located offshore Asia, is one of many oil resources in the region with virgin reservoir pockets and layers that are marginal in volume yet can provide a considerable recoverable volume if developed collectively. However, being horizontally scattered and shallow, with a reservoir true vertical depth (TVD) of less than 2000 m, the field was designed initially with up to 12 wells to maximize reach, thus requiring a large wellhead platform (WHP) at the surface. Gas lift was required from the first day of production, leading to two pipelines at a minimum. Given the number of wells and surface facilities required, this led to a highly negative economic outcome. To quantify the extent of cost reductions and increase the recoverable targeted resources required to meet targeted economic indicators for a business case, the project team performed a series of sensitivity analyses. Despite efforts to phase out field development, minimize surface facilities, and simplify well design where possible, the project remained negative in net present value because reducing the number of wells and facilities will lead to a dramatically lower estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), which is the key driver in any oil and gas development. The project team thus was presented with an almost unworkable situation where scope and cost reduction to satisfy economic returns simply meant that installation of neither wells nor facilities was viable. The authors refer to the approach they describe in the complete paper as “going back to basics.” This approach, coupled with a design-to-value (D2V) approach, was effective in countering seemingly irreversible economic results. This approach is a systematic way to develop an optimal concept for maximum value realization because the agile approach questions every aspect of concept development to achieve minimum technical requirements while providing better clarity in cost/risk tradeoff through concept evaluation in a staircase manner. The process of executing D2V for marginal field development while managing technical risks is detailed in the following subsections for both well design and in facility-concept design.

Machine-Learning Techniques Classify, Quantify Cuttings Lithology

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22867, “Automatic Lithology Classification of Cuttings With Deep Learning,” by Takashi Nanjo, Akira Ebitani, and Kazuaki Ishikawa, Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ Wellsite geologists spend approximately 70% of their time on cuttings descriptions. In addition, two or three wellsite geologists generally are assigned to a drilling campaign, to be replaced at the end of a shift. Machine-learning (ML) and artificial-intelligence (AI) techniques have the potential to solve these issues because of their advantages in prediction speed, objectivity, and consistency. The authors’ aim is to automate the task of cuttings descriptions with these techniques. A trained model for cuttings description has the potential to realize quantitative, high-speed cuttings description. Methods and Materials Six wells were selected for this study (Poseidon-1, Ichthys2A ST-1, Ichthys2A ST-2, Dinichthys north1, Ichthys north1, and Ichthys north1 ST1). The wells were drilled in the Browse Basin through various lithologies. The authors focused on four lithologies (carbonate, sandstone, mudstone, and volcanic) and collected the cuttings from these lithologies. The total number of cuttings was 160 (21 carbonate, 58 sandstone, 52 mudstone, and 29 volcanic). The cuttings were used in their original dry condition. Each cutting was transported to a Petri plate in a random and sparse layout using tweezers. A stereomicroscope and a digital camera were prepared. Magnification was 6.3X, and picture size was 1,600 pixels in width and 1,200 pixels in height. Pictures were taken randomly, with approximately 20 photographs for each sample. The annotation was conducted by geologists using annotation software. Five label classes were used (sandstone, mudstone, carbonate, volcanic, and background). The total number of annotation data was 1,978. The annotated data were split as training label data, validation label data, and test label data. The pictures were also split as training data, validation data, and test data. The picture and label data were paired. In this study, 1,496 pictures and label data were used as training data sets, 320 pictures and label data were used as validation data, and 162 pictures and label data were used as test data. Four architectures of semantic segmentation were created (PSPNet, Unet, FPN, and Linknet), including two different networks (ResNet152 and EfficientNetB7), and training models were created. The total number of trained models was eight. As a result, the combination of PSPNet and EfficientNetB7 showed the best performance. The combination of PSPNet and EfficientNetB7 was chosen as the architecture of this project. Hyperparameters were chosen in the best practice case. Mean intersection over union (IOU) was used as the model evaluation index.